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Makar Sankranti, A festival of Kites: History, Significance, and Celebrations

Makar Sankranti, A festival of Kites: History, Significance, and Celebrations

Makar Sankranti: History, Significance, and Celebrations

Makar Sankranti is one of the most auspicious festivals celebrated across India with great enthusiasm and joy. It marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn (Makara) and signifies the end of the winter solstice. This festival is celebrated in various ways, reflecting the rich cultural diversity of India.

Makar Sankranti

History and Significance of Makar Sankranti

The festival has roots in ancient Indian traditions and is associated with the Sun God, Surya. According to Hindu mythology:

  • Transition of the Sun: Makar Sankranti is considered the day when the Sun begins its northward journey (Uttarayan). It signifies longer and warmer days ahead.
  • Harvest Festival: In agrarian societies, it marks the end of the harvest season and the beginning of a new agricultural cycle.
  • Mythological Connection: The festival is believed to be the day when Lord Vishnu ended the terror of Asuras by burying them under the Mandara Mountain. It symbolizes the victory of good over evil.

 

How is Makar Sankranti Celebrated?

Makar Sankranti is celebrated differently across various states in India. Here are some common customs and regional variations:

1. Kite Flying

  • In Gujarat and Rajasthan, kite flying is a major attraction. The sky is filled with colorful kites, symbolizing freedom and joy.

2. Offering Prayers

  • Devotees take holy dips in sacred rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, Godavari, and Kaveri to wash away sins. Special prayers are offered to the Sun God.

3. Feasting

  • Special dishes made with sesame (til) and jaggery (gur) are prepared. Items like til-gud ladoos, chikkis, and puran poli are enjoyed.
  • The combination of sesame and jaggery is believed to purify the body and bring warmth during winter.

4. Regional Names and Celebrations

  • Pongal (Tamil Nadu): A four-day celebration marked by cooking Pongal rice and worshipping cattle.
  • Lohri (Punjab): Celebrated a day before Makar Sankranti, involving bonfires, folk songs, and dances.
  • Uttarayan (Gujarat): Known for the International Kite Festival.
  • Magh Bihu (Assam): A harvest festival with community feasts and traditional games.
  • Khichdi (Uttar Pradesh and Bihar): The day is marked by making khichdi and donating to the poor.

5. Social Harmony

  • The festival emphasizes unity and togetherness. People exchange sweets and greetings, symbolizing harmony.

Modern-Day Celebrations

While traditional customs remain, modern celebrations include:

  • Community Gatherings: Families and friends come together to celebrate.
  • Social Media Buzz: Sharing pictures and wishes online.
  • Charity: Many people engage in acts of kindness by donating clothes, food, or money.

 

Makar Sankranti is not just a festival but a celebration of life, nature, and togetherness. Its significance lies in its ability to bring people closer, transcending barriers of region and culture. Whether through flying kites, cooking delicious food, or taking holy dips, Makar Sankranti continues to unite hearts across India.

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